Aristotle aristotle was of the view that the origin of the state is present in the inherent desire of man to satisfy his economic needs and racial instincts. Although state forms existed before the rise of the ancient greek empire, the greeks were the first people known to have explicitly formulated a political philosophy of the state, and to have rationally analyzed political institutions. This question has generated scholarship across all social sciences. According to weber, state is an entity having monopoly over the use of violence in a given territory. Oct 22, 2018 in this tutorial, we shall study the divine theory of origin of the state. Which is the most ancient principle of origin of state. Political science also studies the structure and functioning of the state, governments, interstate organisations, etc. During the struggle for power between the british king and the parliament the king refused to give powers to parliament on the ground that, a king can never be vicious malicious, if he is, it means god has sent him as a punishment for peoples sins and it is. The theory of divine origin, though one of the earliest, has a simple explanation to offer. Political science definition, a social science dealing with political institutions and with the principles and conduct of government.
A concise book that integrates political, sociological, and ideological context into a historical analysis of the origins of the modern state and state theory. Firstly, the origin of state depends on the triangular nature of the human soul. State, political organization of society, or the body politic, or, more narrowly, the institutions of government. Later on, it will develop into a tribe, kingdom then state. I that the state is a human institution the product of mans gregarious nature and the result of necessities of human life, and. This is essentially a constitution in which the members of the state give a mandate to the elected few to rule the country. Essay on political science meaning, definition and nature. Divine right theory state is of divine creation and the ruler is ordained by god to govern the people. State, political organization of society, or the body politic, or, more narrowly, the. Narratives about the past development of british and american political. The state, its advocates maintain, was created by god and governed by his deputy. It explains why states arose where they did, and why they failed to arise elsewhere. These authors, in such works as the republic and laws by plato, and politics and nicomachean ethics by aristotle, analyzed political systems philosophically.
Full text of introduction to political science, a treatise on the origin, nature, functions, and organization of the state see other formats. Prior to this, states were described and justified in terms of religious myths. They measure the success of governance and specific policies by examining many factors, including stability, justice, material wealth, peace. It shows the state to be a predictable response to certain specific cultural, demographic, and ecological conditions.
Political science lectures and information about political science and different subfields of political science like political philosophy, international law, public administration, international organizations. Plato and aristotle were two political scientists in the ancient greece who continuously quest for the systematic analysis on the political system of the. The territory should be clearly demarcated and there should be no dispute. The old testament records that the king is appointed by god and god has the sole power to remove him. Recent questions and answers in theories of the origin of. The greek thinker, aristotle, defined political science as the.
The first known states were created in the fertile crescent, india, china, mesoamerica, the andes, and others, but it is only in relatively modern times that states have almost completely displaced alternative stateless forms of political organization of societies all over the planet. In the soviet union, political studies were carried out under the guise of some other disciplines like theory of state and law, area studies, international relations, studies of labor movement, critique of bourgeois theories, etc. The chief exponent of this theory in early times were the. The history of political science serves as a context within which we make sense of the nature and role of our discipline. In this sense, it is a historical investigation about the origin of the state. Political science definition of political science at. Political science is a social study concerning the allocation and transfer of power in decision making, the roles and systems of governance including governments and international organizations, political behavior and public policies. The state is a form of human association distinguished from other social groups by its purpose, the establishment of order and security. The political state is one of the most important social institutions ever created by man. It is a theory of political authority and not a theory of the origin of the state. Home subject political science notes theories of the state marxist theory of state the most protruding theory.
Wellwritten introduction to classical theories of the state from a politicalphilosophy. It has been presented in the form in which the reader finds it, owing to the conviction that there is need in our universities for a text on political development from which the student can achieve a perspective in which to set the politics of his own time and place. The origin of the state evolves from the enlargement of family under the authority of the parents or the elders. By reading articles from the school of political science you can get knowledge about political theory, public administration, international relation, indian government and politics, and comparative politics and other issues related to this field. A state consists of people, a territory, government and sovereignty. The oldest theory about the origin of the state is the divine origin theory. There is an old saying that war beget the king and true to this maxim, the theory of force emphasizes the origin of the state in the subordination of the weak to the strong. In the last few years several works have brought an end to an era when our disciplines historical reflections were limited to the rather brief presidential addresses. Political science also studies the structure and functioning of the state, governments, inter state organisations, etc. A treatise on the origin, nature, functions, and organization of the state. Most accredited universities indeed have separate schools, departments, and research centers devoted to the study of the central themes within. The rulers of the past advocated the political dominance of authority and power through their own ordained mandate that. The chief exponent of this theory in early times were the jews and supporters were the early church father.
Full text of introduction to political science, a treatise on the origin, nature, functions, and organization of the state. We are dedicated to developing understandings of institutions, practices, and relations that constitute public life and modes of inquiry that promote citizenship. Divine origin theory open political science journal. Ptolemy is quoted by gaines post, studies in medieval legal thought. Soviet scholars were represented at the international political science association ipsa since 1955 since 1960. Origin of state political science mcqs css paper preparation. There is one theory, though, which i believe does provide a convincing explanation of how. Divine origin theory, according to this theory state is the creation of god. The vast majority of the states in the world today originate from social contract. The state, its advocates maintain, was created by god and governed by his deputy or vicegerent. As such, there was no agreeable and acceptable conclusion among the political thinkers regarding the fundamental question of origin and establishment of state.
The antecedents of western politics can be traced back to the socratic political philosophers, and aristotle the father of political science 384322 bc. In this tutorial, we shall study the divine theory of origin of the state. The origin of political science comes from the term political is derived from the greek word polis which means city and science comes from the latin term scire. Garner, bluntschli and many others were of the view that political science was the study of the state. It is also known as the theory of divine right of kings.
The term political science is intimately related to the word politics, which itself is derived from the greek word polis that means a citystate, the general form of political organisation in ancient greece. Force theory of origin of state is another fallacious theory, but historically important, which is offered as an explanation of the origin and meaning of the state. While the term political science as a separate field is a rather late arrival in terms of social sciences, analyzing political power and the effects that it had on history has been occurring for centuries. Sep 23, 2016 a state consists of people, a territory, government and sovereignty. The divine theory of the state is propounded by almost all religions of the world. This evolutionary theory is also known as sociological or the correct theory of the origin of the state. The state maintain its exploitative class character right from its origin through various. During the 17 th century king jamesi claimed divine rights for the 1 st time in england. State exists for the sake of good life and not for the sake of life only. Hammond, mason 1951 city state and world state in greek and roman political theory until. Full text of introduction to political science, a treatise. Political science focuses on the theory and practice of government and politics at the local, state, national, and international levels.
Hammond, mason 1951 citystate and world state in greek and roman political theory until. The state, its advocates maintain, was created by god and governed by his deputy or viceregent. The origin of the state university of political science. In every state there should be people who will be under its governance. Political science studies governments in all their forms and aspects, both theoretical and practical. This is the oldest theory concerned in the origin of state. The social group provides the political development to stay and work together with common standard law in the community later on transform as a state. Thats why i have initiated to build this online free blog in which you can increase your power of knowledge. Divine origin theory of the state is the oldest theory of the state. From this theory, he inferred that man is both rational and irrational and it. Theories on origin of state political theory and thoughts. Aristotles views on origin of state scholarshipsads.
It was his will that men should live in the world in a state of political society and he sent his deputy to rule over them. Thus, it helps to elucidate what was undoubtedly the most important. Theories of the state marxist theory of state the most protruding theory. Origin of state political science mcqs for css paper preparation available on geekmcq. Once a branch of philosophy, political science nowadays is typically considered a social science. It has played a most conspicuous part in the history of humanity, and it is, therefore, necessary that the working class should know something regarding its origin and function.
The history of political science james farr, university of minnesota political science is once again rediscovering its past and retelling its history. Social contract theory in moral and political philosophy, the social contract is a theory or model, originating during the age of enlightenment, that typically addresses the questions of the origin of society and the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual. Aristotles views on origin of state man is a political animal, destined by nature for state life. Introduction and origins of the subdiscipline of political geography. They rely on the oftquoted saying war begot the king as the historical explanation of the origin of the state. Getlel defined political science as a study of state in the past, present and future and of political institutions and political theories. In the first place, the origin of the state is due to several factors like family, religion, force, political necessity, etc. However, the term political science was not always distinguished from political philosophy, and the modern discipline has a clear set of. The state is an agency of class coercion in the hands of the dominant economic class. Theories on the origin of state essay theories political science. The exponents of this theory hold that wars and aggression by some powerful tribe were the principal factors in the creation of the state. The origin of political thought in the west, therefore, goes back to greece. Political science deals extensively with the analysis of political systems, the theoretical and practical applications to politics, and the examination of political behavior.
Lastly, the force theory is to be discarded because political consciousness rather than force is the origin of the state. Political science is that branch of the social sciences that studies the state, politics, and government. Divine theory of origin of state, though one of the earliest, has a simple explanation to offer. Aug 04, 2017 the origin of political science comes from the term political is derived from the greek word polis which means city and science comes from the latin term scire. Also see ics politicks is the science of good sense, applied to public affairs, and, as those are forever changing, what is wisdom today would be folly and perhaps. So by identifying the origin of the state with family, one makes the same fallacy as taking one cause instead of several causes. The four theories of state origin are evolutionary theory, force theory, divine right and social contract. Marxist theoretical views challenges the basic concepts of liberal state as well as emphasises that it subjugates majority men of society to accomplish its objectives. According to this theory, state is established and governed by god himself by agent or vicegerent or vicar of god. There are several theories on the origin of state, but it is not known exactly which is of them is the correct one. Definition, scope and importance of political science. Two conclusions flow from the discussion on the meaning and nature of the state. State in political science refers to a concentration of authority based on territorial control, population and goverment. The origin and history of politics by william christie.
Theories on the origin of state political science notes. It makes an enquiry into the origin of the state and political authority. Some political scientists thus prefer to speak of policy networks and decentralized governance in modern societies rather than of state bureaucracies. Divine theory of origin of state political science. So long as social sciences had not made any development and it was very difficult to determine the correct theory the origin of the state. In contrast, studies in political science and in sociology have focused significantly on the formation of the modern state. Necessity or force theory state is created through force, by strong warriors who imposed their will upon the weak. Without political consciousness of the people the state cannot be created. Email citation wellwritten introduction to classical theories of the state from a politicalphilosophy. Aristotles theory of origin of state, its nature and the end rests on several premises. In summary, then, the circumscription theory in its elaborated form goes far toward accounting for the origin of the state. Most accredited universities indeed have separate schools, departments, and research centers devoted to the study of the central themes within political science. Evaluate the principle theory of force in the context of origin of the state.
Apr 26, 2016 the social group provides the political development to stay and work together with common standard law in the community later on transform as a state. The divine theory of the state is propounded by almost all religions of the world the old testament records that the king is appointed by god and god has the sole power to remove him. Force theory of origin of state university of political science. Traditionally political science is a science of state. Advocates of this theory believe that kings rules by gods will, order and authorisation. In the second place, the traditional political science dealt with the state systems of europe which fell mainly in the category of democracy and its variants. The exact origin of political me cannot be historically determined, since the first subjection of man to some sort of authority must have existed in the earliest beginnings of social life and the search for these beginnings carries us back to periods of human development of which we have no accurate knowledge. This book is an introduction to the study of the origins and development of the political aspects of human living. This is so because man is by nature a political animal. The state does not stand for the good of all, rather it protects and promotes the interest of the few at the cost of many. Essential elements of state university of political science. Gluckman, max 1965 politics, law and ritual in tribal society.