Whan park marshall school of business, university of southern california. Reactance theory is a standard psychological belief that we see today in countless ways. Understanding transient reactance listed reactance per unit values transient, subtransient, synchronous, negative sequence and zero sequence are used extensively for comparison in gen set specification, but are also a source of confusion. Psychological reactance is defined as behavior by an individual in response to reduction or threatened reduction of freedom.
Satisfying capacitive bypass application requirements entails careful analysis of various frequency dependent capacitor parameters such as series resonant frequency fsr, equivalent series. Psychological reactance was first defined by brehm 1966 as the the motivational state directed toward the reestablishment of a threatened or eliminated freedom p. According to the theory when an individual feels forced into a certain behavior, they will react against the coercion. Resistance is unaffected by the rate of change of voltage or current and remains the same whether dc, or ac of any frequency is applied. Article pdf available december 2017 with 3,328 reads how we measure reads. For a behavior to be free, the individual must have the relevant physical and psychological abilities to partake in it, and must know they can engage in it at the moment, or in the near future. Research in social influence demonstrates that individuals often move in the direction demanded by a leader obedience or modeled by a majority conformity, and cognitive dissonance theory suggests that individuals will depreciate the items and activities that are denied them sour grapes. When people feel that their freedom to choose an action is threatened, they get an unpleasant feeling called reactance. Reactance theory assumes there are free behaviors individuals perceive and can take part in at any given moment. A theory of freedom and control provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of reactance theory. The answer comes from the approachavoid dynamics of social influence assumed by reactance theory, which proposes that influence attempts create forces to comply and forces to react s.
This book discusses a number of special topic areas to which the reactance theory seems especially relevant. Rains department of communication, university of arizona, tucson, az 857210025 psychological reactance brehm, 1966. The research investigated political and psychological reactance among adolescents. Factor loadings from previouslyreported data in hall et al. But the other showing off is by collecting the soft file of the book. Larger reactance leads to smaller currents for the same voltage applied. Silvia university of north carolina at greensboro on the basis of the approachavoid dynamics assumed by reactance theory s. Brehm and brehm 1981 suggests that a threat to freedom, such as that potentially perceived in persuasive communication, causes reactance, a motivational state that leads to a reassertion of the free behavior andor belief change designed to restore the threatened freedom. Fear appeals and reactance theory suggests that reactance to fearinducing health messagesmay partially undermine the positive effect of those messages 3, 17. Therefore, reactant individuals have a strong urge to do something. Combining capacitive reactances is opposite to the way capacitances are combined.
In electric and electronic systems, reactance is the opposition of a circuit element to the flow of current due to that elements inductance or capacitance. Political reactance is interpreted to include feelings of political alienation and distrust. Reactance definition broadly, reactance refers to the idea that people become upset when their freedom is threatened or eliminated, so much so that they attempt to reassert their lost freedom. When one circuit induces current flow in a second nearby circuit, it is. Review article understanding psychological reactance.
Italicized rows depict items selected for item reponse theory model. While initially considered an unmeasurable motivational state, recent efforts to unpack reactance have found underlying emo. Answer 4 the light bulb will glow brighter when the iron core is moved away from the wire coil, due to the change in inductive reactance x l. So if a circuit contains 100 ohms of resistance in series or parallel with 200 ohms of inductive reactance and 200 ohms of capacitive reactance, the impedance of the circuit is 100j0 or simply 100 ohms.
Review article understanding psychological reactance new developments and findings christina steindl,1 eva jonas,1 sandra sittenthaler,1 eva trautmattausch,1 and jeff greenberg2 1department of psychology, university of salzburg, austria, 2department of psychology, university of arizona, tucson, az, usa abstract. Research of permanent magnet generator with compensated reactance winding supervisors. It is possible that subjects evaluated the dean negatively and that his act of censoring the communication implied his stand against the communications position on the police issue. Reactanceascognitionandoraffect to address the issue of how reactance should be conceptualized, dillard and shen 2005 advanced the claim that reactance might be considered cognition andor affect. However, many companies and industrial plants have used system grounding methods differently. Phase synchronous reactance 186,7 phase inductance 442,5 60 output frequency 70 17. In normal operation, the capacitive current of all three lines is leading the respective line to neutral voltages by 90, and the vector sum of all three currents is zero. This leads to inductive reactance and capacitive reactance. While a reactance interpretation of the ashmore et al.
Responses to the loss of freedom a theory of psychological reactance, jack williams brehm, 1972, choice psychology, 26 pages. Grounding system theory and practice ced engineering. Part 2, reactance this is part 2 of a 3part series on resistance, reactance and impedance. A theory of psychological reactance, 1966, jack williams. As you know, the induced voltage in a conductor is proportional to. Readability is the reading grade level of the message, calcluated as an average of. Just follow the hints to find the right answer and learn more about capacitive and inductive reactance as you go. Deflecting reactance how can reactance be prevented in the face of threats to freedom.
The effect of nonappetizing ambient scents on consumers affinity toward vices and virtues in the retail environment corinne m kelley, florida state university. Capacitive reactances capacitive reactance is an opposition to ac, so series or parallel reactances are combined in the same way as resistances. Reactance theory 40 years later article pdf available in zeitschrift fur sozialpsychologie 371. Note particularly we speak of alternating current only ac, which expression includes audio af and radio frequencies rf. This first part of a threepart series defines transient reactance. The theory is relevant to the idea that humans are motivated to possess and preserve as many options and choices as possible. Inductive reactance because it is the reaction of the inductor to the changing value of alternating current. Specifically, reactance may weaken the intended impact of the message e. Steady electric currents flowing along conductors in one direction undergo opposition called. Inductive reactance is measured in ohms and its symbol is x l. The two procedures are compatible because of the inverse relationship between. A theory of psychological reactance brehm pdf psychological reactance. A model was created which expanded existing political reality models by adding a. This reaction is often exemplified by an increased desire for the behavior.
L, but 2l is more commonly used, one reason being that scientific calculators mostly have a. Also, if several freedoms are threatened there will be a large reaction. Reactance, in electricity, measure of the opposition that a circuit or a part of a circuit presents to electric current insofar as the current is varying or alternating. Reactance is the property of resisting or impeding the flow of ac current or ac voltage in inductors and capacitors. Reactance theory, following the tradition of dissonance theory, is a theory of motivation. Most of us are familiar with resistance at least we think we are. Actually, it is a capacitive grounded neutral system.
Ac theory, capactive and inductive reactance, interactive multi choice quiz, learn about electronics ac theory. Psychological reactance theory dr simon moss sicotests. Reactance theory predicts that the more absolute or unconditional any messages designed to discourage a behavior appear to be, the more likely such messages will. Psychological reactance theory predicts that a persuasive appeal, once perceived as a threat to ones selfdetermined thought or behavior, will elicit motivation to restore this threatened freedom brehm, 1966. The theory describing a motivational state consisting of distress, anxiety and desire to restore freedoms taken away when an individual responds to a perceived threat or to loss of a freedom. Taking the soft file can be saved or stored in computer or in your laptop. So, it can be more than a collection that you have. Psychological reactance and persuasive healthcommunication. The easiest mannerism to freshen is that you can after that save the soft file of njatc ac theory lesson 9 answers in your conventional and approachable gadget. Selfinductance, or simply inductance, is the property of a circuit whereby a change in current causes a change in voltage in the same circuit. Brehms reactance theory also states that the larger the threat of freedom, the larger the resistance to it. The role of similarity in deflecting reactancesilvia increasing compliance and reducing resistance paul j. System grounding has been used since electrical power systems began. Theory and examples reactance occurs as a result of a persons drive to protect his or her own perceived personal freedom.